Key Insights
The Additive Manufacturing Equipment market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $215.78 million in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15.17% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Increasing adoption across diverse industries like aerospace, automotive, and healthcare, driven by the need for customized components, lightweight designs, and faster prototyping, is a significant factor. Advancements in material science, enabling the use of high-performance polymers, metals, and ceramics in additive manufacturing, further contribute to market growth. Furthermore, the decreasing cost of 3D printing equipment and the rising demand for on-demand manufacturing capabilities are boosting market adoption. However, the market faces certain restraints, including the relatively high initial investment costs associated with acquiring and implementing additive manufacturing equipment and the need for skilled operators. Despite these challenges, the long-term prospects remain positive, particularly with continuous innovation in software and hardware, resulting in enhanced speed, precision, and material versatility. Leading players like Optomec Inc, Mazak Corporation, and DMG MORI are strategically investing in R&D and expanding their product portfolios to capitalize on this burgeoning market.
The competitive landscape is characterized by both established players and emerging innovative companies. The market segmentation likely includes various equipment types (e.g., powder bed fusion, binder jetting, directed energy deposition) and material types. Regional market analysis would likely reveal strong growth in North America and Europe, driven by strong industrial bases and early adoption. Asia-Pacific is also expected to witness significant growth, driven by increasing manufacturing activities and investments in advanced technologies. The historical period (2019-2024) indicates a period of foundational growth, likely setting the stage for the accelerated expansion predicted for the forecast period (2025-2033). Continuous monitoring of technological advancements, regulatory changes, and evolving industry preferences will be crucial for long-term success in this dynamic market.

Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Market Report: 2019-2033
This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the Additive Manufacturing Equipment industry, encompassing market dynamics, growth trends, regional analysis, product landscape, and key players. With a focus on the period 2019-2033 (Base Year: 2025, Forecast Period: 2025-2033), this report is an invaluable resource for industry professionals, investors, and researchers seeking to understand and capitalize on the opportunities within this rapidly evolving sector. The report segments the market by technology, material, application, and region providing a granular view of the current landscape and future projections. Parent markets include industrial machinery and manufacturing equipment, while child markets encompass specific applications like aerospace, automotive and medical. The global market size is projected to reach xx Million units by 2033.
Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Market Dynamics & Structure
The Additive Manufacturing Equipment market is characterized by a moderately concentrated landscape with a few large players and numerous smaller niche players. Market concentration is expected to remain relatively stable during the forecast period, though strategic partnerships and acquisitions are likely to reshape the competitive structure. Technological innovation is a major driver, with continuous advancements in printing technologies (e.g., Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Stereolithography (SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)) and materials pushing the boundaries of application possibilities.
- Market Concentration: xx% market share held by top 5 players in 2024.
- Technological Innovation: Focus on improving printing speed, accuracy, and material diversity. Development of hybrid manufacturing technologies.
- Regulatory Frameworks: Increasingly stringent safety and environmental regulations impacting manufacturing processes.
- Competitive Product Substitutes: Traditional manufacturing methods still hold dominance in certain segments, providing competitive pressure.
- End-User Demographics: Growing demand from aerospace, automotive, medical, and consumer goods sectors.
- M&A Trends: Moderate M&A activity driven by strategic expansion and technological acquisition. xx number of M&A deals recorded in 2024.
Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Growth Trends & Insights
The Additive Manufacturing Equipment market experienced significant growth during the historical period (2019-2024), driven by increasing adoption across various industries. This trend is expected to continue during the forecast period (2025-2033), albeit at a moderating pace. The market size is projected to reach xx Million units by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period. Technological disruptions, particularly in areas like material science and software integration, are playing a crucial role in driving adoption. Consumer behavior shifts toward customized and on-demand production further fuel market expansion. The market penetration rate is expected to reach xx% by 2033.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry
North America and Europe currently hold a significant share of the Additive Manufacturing Equipment market, driven by established manufacturing industries, technological advancements, and supportive regulatory environments. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, fueled by rising manufacturing activity, government initiatives, and increasing investments in advanced manufacturing technologies. Within segments, the metal additive manufacturing segment is experiencing rapid growth due to the high demand from the aerospace and automotive sectors.
- North America: Strong presence of key players and technological innovation.
- Europe: Well-established manufacturing base and supportive regulatory environment.
- Asia-Pacific: Fastest-growing region due to increased manufacturing and government initiatives.
- Key Drivers: Government support, infrastructure development, and robust demand from end-use sectors.
Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Product Landscape
The Additive Manufacturing Equipment market offers a diverse range of products, catering to various needs and applications. Innovations include multi-material printing capabilities, improved build sizes, and enhanced software integration for streamlined workflows. The focus is on achieving greater precision, speed, and material versatility. Key selling propositions include improved productivity, reduced waste, and customized part production. Technological advancements include AI-powered process optimization and automated quality control systems.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry
Key Drivers:
- Increased demand for customized products and rapid prototyping.
- Growing adoption across diverse industries (aerospace, healthcare, automotive).
- Technological advancements in printing speed, accuracy, and materials.
- Government initiatives and funding programs to promote AM technologies.
Key Challenges and Restraints:
- High initial investment costs for equipment and infrastructure.
- Skilled workforce shortages in operation and maintenance.
- Limited material availability and compatibility with existing processes.
- Intellectual property protection concerns for designs. Supply chain disruptions have caused a xx% increase in material costs during 2024.
Emerging Opportunities in Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry
Emerging opportunities include the expansion into new markets (e.g., construction, energy), development of sustainable materials and processes, and integration of additive manufacturing with other technologies (e.g., robotics, AI). The growing demand for personalized medicine and the development of bioprinting also represent significant potential. Untapped markets in developing economies present further growth prospects.
Growth Accelerators in the Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry
Strategic partnerships and collaborations between equipment manufacturers and material suppliers are playing a pivotal role in driving market growth. Investments in R&D and technological advancements are crucial in expanding the capabilities and applications of additive manufacturing equipment. The expansion into new industries and applications will further accelerate market growth.
Key Players Shaping the Additive Manufacturing Equipment Market
- Optomec Inc
- Mazak Corporation
- DMG MORI
- Matsuura Machinery Ltd
- Hybrid Manufacturing technologies
- ELB-SCHLIFF Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH
- Mitsui Seiki Inc
- Okuma America Corporation
- Diversified Machine Systems
- Fabrisonic
Notable Milestones in Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Sector
- October 2023: Alphacam GmbH and Evolve Additive Solutions establish a strategic alliance, expanding STEP technology access in Europe.
- October 2023: Siemens integrates DMG MORI's digital twin for machine tool processing onto its Xcelerator marketplace, showcasing Industry 4.0 collaboration.
- July 2023: Mazak India opens a new state-of-the-art production facility in Pune, demonstrating commitment to the Indian market.
In-Depth Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Market Outlook
The Additive Manufacturing Equipment market is poised for significant growth in the coming years, driven by continuous technological advancements, expanding applications, and increasing industry adoption. Strategic partnerships, investments in R&D, and the exploration of new materials and processes will play a critical role in shaping the future of the market. The integration of AI and automation will enhance efficiency and productivity, further driving market expansion. The focus on sustainability and environmentally friendly processes will also shape the landscape of this dynamic industry.
Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Segmentation
-
1. End-user Industry
- 1.1. Aerospace & Defense
- 1.2. Energy & Power
- 1.3. Electronics
- 1.4. Medical
- 1.5. Automotive
- 1.6. Other End-user Industries
Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Segmentation By Geography
- 1. North America
- 2. Europe
- 3. Asia Pacific
- 4. Rest of the World

Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 15.17% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1 Industry 4.0 Integration; In industries like healthcare and automotive
- 3.2.2 there is a growing demand for customized and patient-specific parts.
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1 Industry 4.0 Integration; In industries like healthcare and automotive
- 3.3.2 there is a growing demand for customized and patient-specific parts.
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Medical Sector Expected to Hold a Significant Share
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 5.1.1. Aerospace & Defense
- 5.1.2. Energy & Power
- 5.1.3. Electronics
- 5.1.4. Medical
- 5.1.5. Automotive
- 5.1.6. Other End-user Industries
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.2.1. North America
- 5.2.2. Europe
- 5.2.3. Asia Pacific
- 5.2.4. Rest of the World
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 6. North America Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 6.1.1. Aerospace & Defense
- 6.1.2. Energy & Power
- 6.1.3. Electronics
- 6.1.4. Medical
- 6.1.5. Automotive
- 6.1.6. Other End-user Industries
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 7. Europe Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 7.1.1. Aerospace & Defense
- 7.1.2. Energy & Power
- 7.1.3. Electronics
- 7.1.4. Medical
- 7.1.5. Automotive
- 7.1.6. Other End-user Industries
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 8. Asia Pacific Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 8.1.1. Aerospace & Defense
- 8.1.2. Energy & Power
- 8.1.3. Electronics
- 8.1.4. Medical
- 8.1.5. Automotive
- 8.1.6. Other End-user Industries
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 9. Rest of the World Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 9.1.1. Aerospace & Defense
- 9.1.2. Energy & Power
- 9.1.3. Electronics
- 9.1.4. Medical
- 9.1.5. Automotive
- 9.1.6. Other End-user Industries
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 10. Competitive Analysis
- 10.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 10.2. Company Profiles
- 10.2.1 Optomec Inc
- 10.2.1.1. Overview
- 10.2.1.2. Products
- 10.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.2 Mazak Corporation
- 10.2.2.1. Overview
- 10.2.2.2. Products
- 10.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.3 DMG MORI
- 10.2.3.1. Overview
- 10.2.3.2. Products
- 10.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.4 Matsuura Machinery Ltd
- 10.2.4.1. Overview
- 10.2.4.2. Products
- 10.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.5 Hybrid Manufacturing technologies
- 10.2.5.1. Overview
- 10.2.5.2. Products
- 10.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.6 ELB-SCHLIFF Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH
- 10.2.6.1. Overview
- 10.2.6.2. Products
- 10.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.7 Mitsui Seiki Inc
- 10.2.7.1. Overview
- 10.2.7.2. Products
- 10.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.8 Okuma America Corporation
- 10.2.8.1. Overview
- 10.2.8.2. Products
- 10.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.9 Diversified Machine Systems
- 10.2.9.1. Overview
- 10.2.9.2. Products
- 10.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.10 Fabrisonic**List Not Exhaustive
- 10.2.10.1. Overview
- 10.2.10.2. Products
- 10.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.1 Optomec Inc
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Breakdown (Billion, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: North America Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: North America Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: North America Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: North America Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: North America Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: North America Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: North America Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: North America Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: Europe Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: Europe Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: Europe Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: Europe Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: Europe Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: Europe Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: Europe Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: Europe Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: Asia Pacific Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: Asia Pacific Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: Asia Pacific Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: Asia Pacific Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: Asia Pacific Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 24: Asia Pacific Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 25: Asia Pacific Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 26: Asia Pacific Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 27: Rest of the World Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 28: Rest of the World Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 29: Rest of the World Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 30: Rest of the World Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 31: Rest of the World Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 32: Rest of the World Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 33: Rest of the World Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 34: Rest of the World Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Global Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry Volume Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry?
The projected CAGR is approximately 15.17%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry?
Key companies in the market include Optomec Inc, Mazak Corporation, DMG MORI, Matsuura Machinery Ltd, Hybrid Manufacturing technologies, ELB-SCHLIFF Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH, Mitsui Seiki Inc, Okuma America Corporation, Diversified Machine Systems, Fabrisonic**List Not Exhaustive.
3. What are the main segments of the Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry?
The market segments include End-user Industry.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 215.78 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Industry 4.0 Integration; In industries like healthcare and automotive. there is a growing demand for customized and patient-specific parts..
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Medical Sector Expected to Hold a Significant Share.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Industry 4.0 Integration; In industries like healthcare and automotive. there is a growing demand for customized and patient-specific parts..
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
N/A
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in Billion.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Additive Manufacturing Equipment Industry, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence