Key Insights
The Middle East polyethylene market, valued at approximately $X billion in 2025 (estimated based on provided CAGR and market size), is projected to experience robust growth, exceeding a 4% CAGR from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The region's burgeoning construction and infrastructure development, driven by ambitious national visions like Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia, significantly boosts demand for polyethylene in pipes, conduits, and building materials. Furthermore, the thriving packaging industry, particularly for food and consumer goods, consistently necessitates large volumes of polyethylene films and sheets. The growth of the electrical and electronics sector also contributes to increased demand, with polyethylene used extensively in wire and cable insulation. While fluctuating oil prices and potential supply chain disruptions pose challenges, the overall positive economic outlook and government initiatives promoting industrial diversification within the Middle East are expected to counterbalance these restraints. Significant players like SABIC, Dow, and ExxonMobil, alongside regional petrochemical companies, are strategically positioned to capitalize on this expanding market. The diverse product types (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE) and applications cater to a broad spectrum of industries, ensuring sustained market momentum. The dominance of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Iran is expected to continue, while other countries in the region will witness gradual market penetration.
The segmentation analysis reveals a significant concentration within the packaging sector, which is the largest consumer of polyethylene. Blow molding remains a prominent application, driven by the packaging industry. However, injection molding and film applications are also experiencing substantial growth, indicating diversification in end-use sectors. While HDPE and LDPE dominate the product type segment, LLDPE is witnessing increasing adoption due to its enhanced properties. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of international giants and regional players, creating both opportunities and challenges for market entrants. Future growth will hinge on technological advancements, sustainable material innovations, and the ability to adapt to shifting global economic conditions. The market's success will also depend on efficient resource management and environmentally conscious production practices.

Middle East Polyethylene Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Middle East polyethylene market, encompassing market dynamics, growth trends, dominant segments, and key players. The study period covers 2019-2033, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period of 2025-2033. This report is crucial for industry professionals seeking to understand the market's intricacies and capitalize on emerging opportunities. The market is segmented by product type (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, Other), application (Blow Molding, Films and Sheets, Injection Molding, Pipes and Conduit, Wires and Cables, Other), end-user industry (Packaging, Transportation, Electrical and Electronics, Building and Construction, Agriculture, Other), and country (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Iran, Rest of the Middle East). The total market size is expected to reach xx Million units by 2033.
Middle East Polyethylene Market Market Dynamics & Structure
The Middle East polyethylene market is characterized by a moderately concentrated landscape, with major players like SABIC, Dow, and ExxonMobil holding significant market share. Technological innovation, particularly in developing high-performance polyethylene grades for specific applications, is a key driver. Stringent environmental regulations are influencing product development, pushing for more sustainable and recyclable options. Competitive pressure from substitute materials, such as biodegradable polymers, poses a challenge. The market exhibits strong growth potential driven by robust infrastructure development and expanding end-user industries, notably packaging and construction. M&A activity has been moderate, with strategic partnerships playing a more significant role in shaping the market landscape.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated, with top 5 players holding approximately xx% market share (2024).
- Technological Innovation: Focus on high-performance grades and sustainable solutions.
- Regulatory Framework: Increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability and product safety.
- Competitive Substitutes: Biodegradable polymers and other advanced materials pose a growing challenge.
- End-User Demographics: Driven by population growth, urbanization, and rising disposable incomes.
- M&A Trends: Moderate activity, with strategic alliances gaining prominence. xx M&A deals were recorded between 2019 and 2024.
Middle East Polyethylene Market Growth Trends & Insights
The Middle East polyethylene market has witnessed robust growth over the historical period (2019-2024), driven by increasing demand from key end-user sectors. The market size expanded from xx Million units in 2019 to xx Million units in 2024, registering a CAGR of xx%. Technological advancements, including the development of specialized polyethylene grades with enhanced properties, are fueling market expansion. Consumer preferences are shifting towards sustainable and recyclable packaging solutions, impacting product demand. The forecast period (2025-2033) projects continued growth, with the market size expected to reach xx Million units by 2033, driven by infrastructural projects and economic expansion across the region. Market penetration in various applications is expected to increase steadily.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Middle East Polyethylene Market
Saudi Arabia dominates the Middle East polyethylene market, driven by its large petrochemical industry and substantial production capacity. The UAE and Iran also hold significant market shares. Within the product type segment, HDPE leads in terms of volume and value, followed by LDPE and LLLDPE. The packaging industry is the largest end-user segment, driven by the burgeoning food and beverage sector. The construction and infrastructure sector exhibits strong growth potential due to extensive government investments in infrastructure projects.
- Key Drivers in Saudi Arabia: Large petrochemical industry, government support, and robust infrastructure development.
- Key Drivers in UAE: Diversified economy, strong construction sector, and strategic location.
- Key Drivers in Iran: Large domestic market and growing industrial sector.
- Dominant Product Type: HDPE, driven by its versatility and wide range of applications.
- Dominant End-User: Packaging, fueled by the growth of the food and beverage sector.
Middle East Polyethylene Market Product Landscape
The Middle East polyethylene market features a diverse range of products, from standard HDPE and LDPE grades to specialized high-performance polymers for demanding applications. Innovations focus on enhancing mechanical properties, improving barrier characteristics, and incorporating sustainable attributes like recyclability. Product differentiation is achieved through customized formulations, tailored to specific end-use requirements. Key players are investing heavily in R&D to develop next-generation polyethylene materials with enhanced performance characteristics and improved sustainability.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Middle East Polyethylene Market
Key Drivers:
- Robust growth of the construction and infrastructure sectors.
- Expanding food and beverage industry, driving demand for packaging materials.
- Government initiatives promoting industrial development and economic diversification.
- Rising disposable incomes and changing consumer preferences.
Key Challenges:
- Fluctuations in oil prices impacting raw material costs.
- Intense competition from established and emerging players.
- Environmental regulations and sustainability concerns.
- Potential supply chain disruptions due to geopolitical factors.
Emerging Opportunities in Middle East Polyethylene Market
Emerging opportunities lie in developing specialized polyethylene grades for niche applications, such as medical devices and high-performance automotive components. The growing demand for sustainable and recyclable packaging solutions presents significant opportunities for manufacturers of eco-friendly polyethylene products. Expansion into untapped markets within the region, particularly in less developed countries, offers considerable growth potential.
Growth Accelerators in the Middle East Polyethylene Market Industry
Technological advancements, particularly in the development of high-performance and sustainable polyethylene materials, are key growth accelerators. Strategic partnerships and collaborations between manufacturers and end-users are fostering innovation and market expansion. Investments in new production capacity and infrastructure are further driving market growth.
Key Players Shaping the Middle East Polyethylene Market Market
- Marun Petrochemical Co
- Jam Petrochemical Co
- Exxon Mobil Corporation
- SABIC
- Dow
- Saudi Polymers Company (Chevron & SABIC)
- Amir Kabir Petrochemical Co (AKPC)
- Ilam Petrochemical
- Saudi Ethylene and Polyethylene Co (Tasnee)
- Sharq - Eastern Petrochemical Co (SDPC)
- LyondellBasell Industries Holdings BV
Notable Milestones in Middle East Polyethylene Market Sector
- November 2022: SABIC partnered with Guangdong Jinming Machinery Co. Ltd and Bolsas de los Altos to test and validate its polyolefin resin products.
- September 2021: SABIC announced a new technology for high-performance polyolefin pressure pipes.
In-Depth Middle East Polyethylene Market Market Outlook
The Middle East polyethylene market is poised for continued growth, driven by ongoing infrastructure development, expanding end-user industries, and technological advancements in polyethylene materials. Strategic partnerships, investments in R&D, and a focus on sustainability will play critical roles in shaping the market's future. The market offers significant opportunities for established and emerging players to capitalize on the region's strong economic growth and increasing demand for polyethylene products.
Middle East Polyethylene Market Segmentation
-
1. Product Type
- 1.1. HDPE
- 1.2. LDPE
- 1.3. LLDPE
- 1.4. Other Product Types
-
2. Application
- 2.1. Blow Molding
- 2.2. Films and Sheets
- 2.3. Injection Molding
- 2.4. Pipes and Conduit
- 2.5. Wires and Cables
- 2.6. Other Applications
-
3. End-user Industry
- 3.1. Packaging
- 3.2. Transportation
- 3.3. Electrical and Electronics
- 3.4. Building and Construction
- 3.5. Agriculture
- 3.6. Other End-user Industries
Middle East Polyethylene Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Middle East
- 1.1. Saudi Arabia
- 1.2. United Arab Emirates
- 1.3. Israel
- 1.4. Qatar
- 1.5. Kuwait
- 1.6. Oman
- 1.7. Bahrain
- 1.8. Jordan
- 1.9. Lebanon

Middle East Polyethylene Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of > 4.00% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Increasing Demand from a Diverse Range of End-user Industries; Growth in Industrial Applications such as Primarily Packing Automotive and Electrical Replacement Part
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Availability of Substitutes such as Polypropylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate Products; Other Restraints
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Increasing Demand in the Building and Construction Industry
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Middle East Polyethylene Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 5.1.1. HDPE
- 5.1.2. LDPE
- 5.1.3. LLDPE
- 5.1.4. Other Product Types
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 5.2.1. Blow Molding
- 5.2.2. Films and Sheets
- 5.2.3. Injection Molding
- 5.2.4. Pipes and Conduit
- 5.2.5. Wires and Cables
- 5.2.6. Other Applications
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 5.3.1. Packaging
- 5.3.2. Transportation
- 5.3.3. Electrical and Electronics
- 5.3.4. Building and Construction
- 5.3.5. Agriculture
- 5.3.6. Other End-user Industries
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. Middle East
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 6. Saudi Arabia Middle East Polyethylene Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7. UAE Middle East Polyethylene Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8. Qatar Middle East Polyethylene Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9. Kuwait Middle East Polyethylene Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Oman Middle East Polyethylene Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Iran Middle East Polyethylene Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Rest of the Middle East Middle East Polyethylene Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Competitive Analysis
- 13.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 13.2. Company Profiles
- 13.2.1 Marun Petrochemical Co
- 13.2.1.1. Overview
- 13.2.1.2. Products
- 13.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.2 Jam Petrochemical Co
- 13.2.2.1. Overview
- 13.2.2.2. Products
- 13.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.3 Exxon Mobil Corporation
- 13.2.3.1. Overview
- 13.2.3.2. Products
- 13.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.4 SABIC
- 13.2.4.1. Overview
- 13.2.4.2. Products
- 13.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.5 Dow
- 13.2.5.1. Overview
- 13.2.5.2. Products
- 13.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.6 Saudi Polymers Company (Chevron & SABIC)
- 13.2.6.1. Overview
- 13.2.6.2. Products
- 13.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.7 Amir Kabir Petrochemical Co (AKPC)
- 13.2.7.1. Overview
- 13.2.7.2. Products
- 13.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.8 Ilam Petrochemical
- 13.2.8.1. Overview
- 13.2.8.2. Products
- 13.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.9 Saudi Ethylene and Polyethylene Co (Tasnee)
- 13.2.9.1. Overview
- 13.2.9.2. Products
- 13.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.10 Sharq - Eastern Petrochemical Co (SDPC)
- 13.2.10.1. Overview
- 13.2.10.2. Products
- 13.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.11 LyondellBasell Industries Holdings BV
- 13.2.11.1. Overview
- 13.2.11.2. Products
- 13.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.1 Marun Petrochemical Co
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Middle East Polyethylene Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Saudi Arabia Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Saudi Arabia Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: UAE Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: UAE Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Qatar Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Qatar Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Kuwait Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Kuwait Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Oman Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Oman Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Iran Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Iran Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Rest of the Middle East Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Rest of the Middle East Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: Saudi Arabia Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: Saudi Arabia Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: United Arab Emirates Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: United Arab Emirates Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: Israel Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: Israel Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Qatar Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Qatar Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: Kuwait Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: Kuwait Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Oman Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Oman Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 47: Bahrain Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 48: Bahrain Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 49: Jordan Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 50: Jordan Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 51: Lebanon Middle East Polyethylene Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 52: Lebanon Middle East Polyethylene Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Middle East Polyethylene Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately > 4.00%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Middle East Polyethylene Market?
Key companies in the market include Marun Petrochemical Co, Jam Petrochemical Co, Exxon Mobil Corporation, SABIC, Dow, Saudi Polymers Company (Chevron & SABIC), Amir Kabir Petrochemical Co (AKPC), Ilam Petrochemical, Saudi Ethylene and Polyethylene Co (Tasnee), Sharq - Eastern Petrochemical Co (SDPC), LyondellBasell Industries Holdings BV.
3. What are the main segments of the Middle East Polyethylene Market?
The market segments include Product Type, Application, End-user Industry.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Increasing Demand from a Diverse Range of End-user Industries; Growth in Industrial Applications such as Primarily Packing Automotive and Electrical Replacement Part.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Increasing Demand in the Building and Construction Industry.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Availability of Substitutes such as Polypropylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate Products; Other Restraints.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
November 2022: SABIC partnered with Guangdong Jinming Machinery Co. Ltd, a plastic packaging equipment manufacturer, and Bolsas de los Altos, a leading plastic film and packaging converter. The agreement will allow SABIC polyolefin resin products, as well as polyethylene resin offers from Gulf Coast Growth Ventures (GCGV) and TRUCIRCLETM, to be tested and validated.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 4950, and USD 6800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in K Tons.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Middle East Polyethylene Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Middle East Polyethylene Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Middle East Polyethylene Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Middle East Polyethylene Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence