Key Insights
The Latin American automotive carbon fiber composites market is poised for significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for lightweight vehicles to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The region's burgeoning automotive industry, coupled with government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation, is fueling this expansion. A Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 8% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a robust market trajectory. Key application areas include structural assemblies, powertrain components, interiors, and exteriors, with production methods ranging from hand layup to more advanced techniques like injection molding and vacuum infusion processing. Major players like Mitsubishi Rayon, 3M, Teijin, and Huntsman are actively contributing to market growth through technological advancements and strategic partnerships. While the market size in 2025 is not explicitly stated, based on a conservative estimate considering the CAGR and regional automotive production, the market value is likely to be in the low hundreds of millions of USD. The market's growth is further facilitated by the increasing adoption of hybrid and electric vehicles, demanding lightweight materials to enhance performance and range. However, the high cost of carbon fiber composites and the need for specialized manufacturing expertise remain challenges to widespread adoption. Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina are expected to be the leading markets within Latin America, driven by their established automotive manufacturing sectors.
The continued growth of the Latin American automotive industry, particularly in the segments of SUVs and pickups, which are often preferred in the region, will positively influence demand for carbon fiber composites. Furthermore, the expansion of the automotive supply chain within Latin America and government support for local manufacturing will further stimulate growth. However, potential economic fluctuations and infrastructural limitations in some parts of the region could pose challenges. The increasing focus on sustainability and the potential for increased adoption of carbon fiber composites in commercial vehicles could further drive market expansion. The competitive landscape is characterized by both global and regional players, with ongoing innovation and investment in manufacturing capabilities shaping the market dynamics. Market segmentation by production type and application offers insights for strategic market entry and business development within the region.

Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Report: 2019-2033
This comprehensive report provides a deep dive into the dynamic Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites market, offering invaluable insights for industry professionals, investors, and strategic decision-makers. Analyzing market trends from 2019 to 2033, with a focus on 2025, this report unveils growth opportunities and challenges within this rapidly evolving sector. The report segments the market by production type (Hand Layup, Resin Transfer Molding, Vacuum Infusion Processing, Injection Molding) and application type (Structural Assembly, Powertrain Components, Interiors, Exteriors), providing a granular understanding of market dynamics across the region. Key players such as Mitsubishi Rayon, 3M, Teijin, Huntsman, Owens Corning, Azko Nobel, MRC Zoltek, Formosa Plastic, Reichhold, and Toray are profiled, offering a competitive landscape analysis. The total market size is projected to reach xx Million units by 2033.
Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Market Dynamics & Structure
The Latin American automotive carbon fiber composites market is characterized by moderate concentration, with a few major global players and several regional manufacturers holding significant market share. Technological innovation, driven by the need for lighter, stronger, and more fuel-efficient vehicles, is a key driver. Stringent emission regulations are also pushing adoption. However, high material costs and complex manufacturing processes present barriers to widespread adoption. The market is influenced by fluctuating raw material prices and economic conditions across the region. Recent M&A activity has been focused on consolidating the supply chain and expanding regional presence.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated, with top 5 players holding approximately xx% market share in 2025.
- Technological Innovation: Focus on improved resin systems, automated manufacturing processes, and lightweight design optimization.
- Regulatory Framework: Stringent emission standards and fuel efficiency targets are driving demand.
- Competitive Substitutes: Steel, aluminum, and other composite materials compete for market share.
- End-User Demographics: Primarily driven by the growth of the automotive industry in Brazil, Mexico, and other key Latin American markets.
- M&A Trends: Consolidation of the supply chain and expansion into new markets are key trends. Approximately xx M&A deals were recorded between 2019 and 2024.
Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Growth Trends & Insights
The Latin America automotive carbon fiber composites market is projected to experience significant growth over the forecast period (2025-2033). Driven by increasing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and advancements in manufacturing technologies, the market is poised for expansion. The adoption rate of carbon fiber composites in the automotive sector is steadily increasing, fueled by government incentives and consumer preference for lighter vehicles. Technological disruptions, such as the development of more cost-effective manufacturing processes, are further accelerating market growth. Changes in consumer behavior, favoring sustainable and technologically advanced vehicles, are also contributing to market expansion. The CAGR for the period 2025-2033 is estimated at xx%, with market penetration expected to reach xx% by 2033. XXX (insert data source here) supports these projections.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market
Brazil and Mexico are the dominant markets in Latin America for automotive carbon fiber composites, driven by a strong automotive manufacturing base and increasing government support for the adoption of lightweight materials. Within the production type segment, Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) holds a significant market share due to its ability to produce high-quality parts at a relatively lower cost compared to other methods. In terms of application, the structural assembly segment is currently the largest, followed by powertrain components.
- Key Drivers in Brazil: Strong automotive industry, government initiatives to promote sustainable transportation.
- Key Drivers in Mexico: Growing automotive exports, investments in new manufacturing facilities.
- Dominant Production Type: Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) due to cost-effectiveness and high-quality output.
- Dominant Application Type: Structural Assembly, owing to its weight reduction benefits.
- Growth Potential: High growth potential exists in the interiors and exteriors segments, driven by increasing demand for aesthetically pleasing and lightweight components.
Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Product Landscape
The product landscape is characterized by continuous innovation in resin systems and manufacturing processes. New materials offering improved strength-to-weight ratios and enhanced durability are being developed. These innovations are leading to lighter, stronger, and more cost-effective carbon fiber composite components for automotive applications. Unique selling propositions include enhanced fuel efficiency, improved safety, and enhanced design flexibility.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market
Key Drivers: Increasing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles, government regulations promoting lightweighting, and advancements in manufacturing technologies.
Challenges: High material costs, complex manufacturing processes, and a relatively underdeveloped supply chain in certain regions of Latin America. These factors limit broader adoption and contribute to higher production costs. Supply chain disruptions can cause delays and impact production targets. Estimated impact on market growth is xx% per year due to these challenges.
Emerging Opportunities in Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market
Emerging opportunities include expanding into untapped markets within the region, developing innovative applications for carbon fiber composites in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, and catering to evolving consumer preferences for sustainable and technologically advanced vehicles. The potential for growth in the use of recycled carbon fiber materials also presents a significant opportunity.
Growth Accelerators in the Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Industry
Technological breakthroughs in resin systems and manufacturing processes, strategic partnerships between automotive manufacturers and composite material suppliers, and government initiatives promoting the adoption of lightweight materials are key catalysts driving long-term growth. Expansion into new markets and diversification of applications within the automotive sector will also propel market expansion.
Key Players Shaping the Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Market
- Mitsubishi Rayon
- 3M
- Teijin
- Huntsman
- Owens Corning
- Azko Nobel
- MRC Zoltek
- Formosa Plastic
- Reichhold
- Toray
Notable Milestones in Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Sector
- 2021: Launch of a new carbon fiber composite production facility in Mexico by a major automotive supplier.
- 2022: Partnership between a leading automotive manufacturer and a composite materials supplier to develop a new generation of lightweight vehicles.
- 2023: Introduction of stricter emission regulations in Brazil, accelerating demand for lightweight materials.
In-Depth Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Market Outlook
The Latin America automotive carbon fiber composites market holds substantial future potential, driven by technological advancements, increasing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles, and supportive government policies. Strategic partnerships and investments in research and development will be crucial for unlocking this potential. The market is poised for continued growth, with opportunities for both established players and new entrants. Focusing on innovation, cost reduction, and supply chain optimization will be key to success.
Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Segmentation
-
1. Production Type
- 1.1. Hand Layup
- 1.2. Resin Transfer Molding
- 1.3. Vacuum Infusion Processing
- 1.4. Injection Molding
-
2. Application type
- 2.1. Structural Assembly
- 2.2. Powertrain Components
- 2.3. Interiors
- 2.4. Exteriors
-
3. Geography
- 3.1. Brazil
- 3.2. Mexico
- 3.3. Argentina
- 3.4. Rest of Latin America
Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. Brazil
- 2. Mexico
- 3. Argentina
- 4. Rest of Latin America

Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of > 8.00% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Increasing Consumer Preference toward Fast Food Consumption Fosters the Growth of the Market
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Rapid Integration of Online Food Delivery Services Hampers the Growth of the Market
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Electrical Cars Sales Will Drive the Carbon Fiber Automotive Market
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 5.1.1. Hand Layup
- 5.1.2. Resin Transfer Molding
- 5.1.3. Vacuum Infusion Processing
- 5.1.4. Injection Molding
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application type
- 5.2.1. Structural Assembly
- 5.2.2. Powertrain Components
- 5.2.3. Interiors
- 5.2.4. Exteriors
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 5.3.1. Brazil
- 5.3.2. Mexico
- 5.3.3. Argentina
- 5.3.4. Rest of Latin America
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. Brazil
- 5.4.2. Mexico
- 5.4.3. Argentina
- 5.4.4. Rest of Latin America
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 6. Brazil Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 6.1.1. Hand Layup
- 6.1.2. Resin Transfer Molding
- 6.1.3. Vacuum Infusion Processing
- 6.1.4. Injection Molding
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application type
- 6.2.1. Structural Assembly
- 6.2.2. Powertrain Components
- 6.2.3. Interiors
- 6.2.4. Exteriors
- 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 6.3.1. Brazil
- 6.3.2. Mexico
- 6.3.3. Argentina
- 6.3.4. Rest of Latin America
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 7. Mexico Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 7.1.1. Hand Layup
- 7.1.2. Resin Transfer Molding
- 7.1.3. Vacuum Infusion Processing
- 7.1.4. Injection Molding
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application type
- 7.2.1. Structural Assembly
- 7.2.2. Powertrain Components
- 7.2.3. Interiors
- 7.2.4. Exteriors
- 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 7.3.1. Brazil
- 7.3.2. Mexico
- 7.3.3. Argentina
- 7.3.4. Rest of Latin America
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 8. Argentina Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 8.1.1. Hand Layup
- 8.1.2. Resin Transfer Molding
- 8.1.3. Vacuum Infusion Processing
- 8.1.4. Injection Molding
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application type
- 8.2.1. Structural Assembly
- 8.2.2. Powertrain Components
- 8.2.3. Interiors
- 8.2.4. Exteriors
- 8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 8.3.1. Brazil
- 8.3.2. Mexico
- 8.3.3. Argentina
- 8.3.4. Rest of Latin America
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 9. Rest of Latin America Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 9.1.1. Hand Layup
- 9.1.2. Resin Transfer Molding
- 9.1.3. Vacuum Infusion Processing
- 9.1.4. Injection Molding
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application type
- 9.2.1. Structural Assembly
- 9.2.2. Powertrain Components
- 9.2.3. Interiors
- 9.2.4. Exteriors
- 9.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 9.3.1. Brazil
- 9.3.2. Mexico
- 9.3.3. Argentina
- 9.3.4. Rest of Latin America
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Production Type
- 10. Brazil Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Argentina Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Mexico Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Peru Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 14. Chile Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 15. Rest of Latin America Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 16. Competitive Analysis
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 16.2. Company Profiles
- 16.2.1 Mitsubishi Rayon
- 16.2.1.1. Overview
- 16.2.1.2. Products
- 16.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.2 3M
- 16.2.2.1. Overview
- 16.2.2.2. Products
- 16.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.3 Teijin
- 16.2.3.1. Overview
- 16.2.3.2. Products
- 16.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.4 Huntsman
- 16.2.4.1. Overview
- 16.2.4.2. Products
- 16.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.5 Owens Corning
- 16.2.5.1. Overview
- 16.2.5.2. Products
- 16.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.6 Azko Nobel
- 16.2.6.1. Overview
- 16.2.6.2. Products
- 16.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.7 MRC Zoltek
- 16.2.7.1. Overview
- 16.2.7.2. Products
- 16.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.8 Formosa Plastic
- 16.2.8.1. Overview
- 16.2.8.2. Products
- 16.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.9 Reichhold
- 16.2.9.1. Overview
- 16.2.9.2. Products
- 16.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.10 Toray
- 16.2.10.1. Overview
- 16.2.10.2. Products
- 16.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.1 Mitsubishi Rayon
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Application type 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Brazil Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Argentina Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Mexico Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Peru Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Chile Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Rest of Latin America Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Application type 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Application type 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Application type 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Production Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Application type 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately > 8.00%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market?
Key companies in the market include Mitsubishi Rayon, 3M, Teijin, Huntsman, Owens Corning, Azko Nobel, MRC Zoltek, Formosa Plastic, Reichhold, Toray.
3. What are the main segments of the Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market?
The market segments include Production Type, Application type, Geography.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Increasing Consumer Preference toward Fast Food Consumption Fosters the Growth of the Market.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Electrical Cars Sales Will Drive the Carbon Fiber Automotive Market.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Rapid Integration of Online Food Delivery Services Hampers the Growth of the Market.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
N/A
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3800, USD 4500, and USD 5800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Latin America Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence