Key Insights
The global investment casting market, valued at approximately $XX million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.58% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. The increasing demand for lightweight yet high-strength components in the automotive and aerospace sectors is a primary catalyst. The adoption of investment casting for complex geometries and intricate designs, which are difficult to achieve through other manufacturing processes, further contributes to market growth. Technological advancements, including advancements in materials science and automation, are enhancing the efficiency and precision of investment casting, making it a more attractive option across diverse industries. Growth is also seen in the medical device sector, driven by the need for precise and biocompatible components. However, the market faces certain restraints, primarily the relatively high cost of investment casting compared to alternative methods like die casting. Fluctuations in raw material prices and skilled labor shortages also pose challenges to consistent market expansion. The market is segmented by process (Sodium Silicate, Tetraethyl Orthosilicate/Silica Sol) and end-user (Automotive, Aerospace & Military, General Industrial Machinery, Medical, Others). The Automotive sector currently holds a significant market share, followed closely by Aerospace & Military, reflecting the high demand for precision components in these industries.
Investment Casting Industry Market Size (In Billion)
The regional distribution of the market reveals a dynamic landscape. North America and Europe currently hold substantial market shares, driven by established manufacturing bases and high technological adoption. However, the Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is experiencing rapid growth due to expanding industrialization and increasing investments in manufacturing capabilities. This presents significant opportunities for investment casting companies seeking to tap into these emerging markets. Major players in the market, including Zollern GmbH, Signicast, and Precision Castparts Corp, are actively engaged in expanding their production capacities and technological capabilities to meet the growing global demand. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continued growth, driven by ongoing technological improvements and increasing demand across various sectors, although the rate of growth may be influenced by global economic conditions and shifts in industrial priorities.
Investment Casting Industry Company Market Share
This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the Investment Casting Industry, encompassing market dynamics, growth trends, regional segmentation, product landscape, key players, and future outlook. The study period spans 2019-2033, with 2025 serving as the base and estimated year. The forecast period is 2025-2033, and the historical period covers 2019-2024. The global market size is projected to reach xx Million units by 2033.
Investment Casting Industry Market Dynamics & Structure
The Investment Casting Industry, a crucial component of the broader metal casting market, displays a moderately concentrated structure with several significant players holding substantial market share. Key drivers include technological advancements in casting processes (like the adoption of Sodium Silicate Process and Tetraethyl Orthosilicate/Silica Sol Process), increasing demand from key end-user segments (Automotive, Aerospace and Military, General Industrial Machinery, Medical, and Other End-user Types), and the ongoing trend of outsourcing manufacturing to specialized casting foundries.
- Market Concentration: The top 5 players hold an estimated xx% market share in 2025.
- Technological Innovation: Focus on precision casting, automation, and advanced materials is driving growth. Barriers include high initial investment costs and skilled labor shortages.
- Regulatory Framework: Environmental regulations (emissions and waste disposal) significantly influence manufacturing processes and material selection.
- Competitive Product Substitutes: Other metal casting methods (sand casting, die casting) pose competition, while additive manufacturing (3D printing) represents a potential long-term threat.
- End-User Demographics: Growth is fueled by rising demand for lightweight, high-strength components in automotive and aerospace industries.
- M&A Trends: Consolidation is observed, with xx major M&A deals recorded between 2019-2024, representing a total deal value of xx Million units.
Investment Casting Industry Growth Trends & Insights
The Investment Casting Industry exhibits a steady growth trajectory, driven by robust demand across diverse end-use sectors. The market size increased from xx Million units in 2019 to xx Million units in 2024, registering a CAGR of xx% during this period. Technological advancements, particularly in automation and precision casting, contribute significantly to enhanced efficiency and product quality. The adoption rate of advanced casting processes is rising steadily, fueled by the increasing demand for complex and high-precision components. Consumer behavior shifts towards lighter, more durable, and cost-effective products also boosts the market. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continued expansion, driven by the increasing penetration of investment casting in various sectors. Market penetration is projected to reach xx% by 2033, showcasing substantial growth opportunities.
Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Investment Casting Industry
The Automotive and Aerospace and Military segments dominate the Investment Casting Industry, followed by General Industrial Machinery and Medical. North America and Asia-Pacific are the leading regions, fueled by strong industrial growth and substantial investments in manufacturing. The Sodium Silicate Process maintains the largest market share due to its cost-effectiveness and established industrial presence.
- Key Drivers (North America): High aerospace and defense spending, robust automotive sector.
- Key Drivers (Asia-Pacific): Rapid industrialization, growing automotive and consumer electronics markets, government support for manufacturing.
- Sodium Silicate Process: Cost-effective, established technology, large market share.
- Tetraethyl Orthosilicate/Silica Sol Process: Higher precision and complexity, used in specialized applications, growing market share.
- Automotive Segment: Largest end-user segment due to demand for lightweight and high-strength parts.
- Aerospace and Military Segment: High demand for high-precision and reliable components.
Investment Casting Industry Product Landscape
Investment casting delivers high-precision, intricate components with superior surface finishes, enabling complex designs and enhancing product performance across various industries. Recent innovations focus on utilizing advanced materials (e.g., high-strength alloys, titanium) to produce lighter, stronger, and more durable parts. Unique selling propositions include improved dimensional accuracy, enhanced surface quality, and the ability to create intricate geometries.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Investment Casting Industry
Key Drivers: Growing demand from key industries (automotive, aerospace, medical), technological advancements leading to improved precision and efficiency, increasing adoption of automation and advanced materials.
Challenges: High capital investment required for advanced equipment, skilled labor shortage, stringent environmental regulations, intense competition from alternative casting methods, and supply chain disruptions impacting raw material availability and costs (estimated impact: xx% increase in production costs in 2024).
Emerging Opportunities in Investment Casting Industry
Emerging opportunities lie in the adoption of additive manufacturing technologies for investment casting, expansion into new materials and applications (e.g., biocompatible materials for medical implants), and tapping into the growing demand for lightweight and high-performance components in renewable energy and electric vehicle sectors.
Growth Accelerators in the Investment Casting Industry Industry
Long-term growth will be fueled by technological breakthroughs in casting processes, strategic partnerships between casting foundries and end-users, and expansion into new and emerging markets. The focus on sustainability and the adoption of environmentally friendly processes will play a crucial role.
Key Players Shaping the Investment Casting Industry Market
- Zollern GmbH and Co KG
- Signicast
- Taizhou Xinyu Precision Manufacture Co Ltd
- Georg Fischer Ltd
- Milwaukee Precision Casting Inc
- Precision Castparts Corp (Berkshire Hathaway)
- MetalTek International
- Impro Precision Industries Limited
- Dongying Giayoung Precision Metal
- Alcoa Corporation
Notable Milestones in Investment Casting Industry Sector
- 2020: Introduction of a new automated investment casting system by [Company Name], boosting production efficiency by xx%.
- 2022: [Company Name] and [Company Name] announced a strategic partnership to develop advanced materials for aerospace applications.
- 2023: New environmental regulations implemented in [Region], leading to increased investment in cleaner production technologies.
In-Depth Investment Casting Industry Market Outlook
The Investment Casting Industry is poised for continued growth, driven by increasing demand for high-precision components across various sectors. Strategic investments in automation, advanced materials, and sustainable manufacturing practices will be crucial for long-term success. The market's future potential is substantial, with significant opportunities for expansion in emerging markets and the adoption of innovative technologies.
Investment Casting Industry Segmentation
-
1. Type
- 1.1. Sodium Silicate Process
- 1.2. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate/Silica Sol Process
-
2. End-user Type
- 2.1. Automotive
- 2.2. Aerospace and Military
- 2.3. General Industrial Machinery
- 2.4. Medical
- 2.5. Other End-user Types
Investment Casting Industry Segmentation By Geography
-
1. North America
- 1.1. United States
- 1.2. Canada
- 1.3. Rest of North America
-
2. Europe
- 2.1. Germany
- 2.2. United Kingdom
- 2.3. France
- 2.4. Spain
- 2.5. Rest of Europe
-
3. Asia Pacific
- 3.1. India
- 3.2. China
- 3.3. Japan
- 3.4. South Korea
- 3.5. Rest of Asia Pacific
-
4. Rest of the World
- 4.1. Brazil
- 4.2. Argentina
- 4.3. Mexico
- 4.4. United Arab Emirates
- 4.5. Other Countries
Investment Casting Industry Regional Market Share
Geographic Coverage of Investment Casting Industry
Investment Casting Industry REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
| Aspects | Details |
|---|---|
| Study Period | 2020-2034 |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Estimated Year | 2026 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2034 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Growth Rate | CAGR of 4.58% from 2020-2034 |
| Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Investments in Refueling Infrastructure Is Driving the Market Growth
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Inadequate Regulatory Frameworks is Anticipated to Restrain the Market Growth
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Sodium Silicate Process To Exhibit The Highest Growth Rate
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Investment Casting Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.1.1. Sodium Silicate Process
- 5.1.2. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate/Silica Sol Process
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Type
- 5.2.1. Automotive
- 5.2.2. Aerospace and Military
- 5.2.3. General Industrial Machinery
- 5.2.4. Medical
- 5.2.5. Other End-user Types
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. North America
- 5.3.2. Europe
- 5.3.3. Asia Pacific
- 5.3.4. Rest of the World
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6. North America Investment Casting Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6.1.1. Sodium Silicate Process
- 6.1.2. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate/Silica Sol Process
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Type
- 6.2.1. Automotive
- 6.2.2. Aerospace and Military
- 6.2.3. General Industrial Machinery
- 6.2.4. Medical
- 6.2.5. Other End-user Types
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 7. Europe Investment Casting Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 7.1.1. Sodium Silicate Process
- 7.1.2. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate/Silica Sol Process
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Type
- 7.2.1. Automotive
- 7.2.2. Aerospace and Military
- 7.2.3. General Industrial Machinery
- 7.2.4. Medical
- 7.2.5. Other End-user Types
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 8. Asia Pacific Investment Casting Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 8.1.1. Sodium Silicate Process
- 8.1.2. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate/Silica Sol Process
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Type
- 8.2.1. Automotive
- 8.2.2. Aerospace and Military
- 8.2.3. General Industrial Machinery
- 8.2.4. Medical
- 8.2.5. Other End-user Types
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 9. Rest of the World Investment Casting Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 9.1.1. Sodium Silicate Process
- 9.1.2. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate/Silica Sol Process
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Type
- 9.2.1. Automotive
- 9.2.2. Aerospace and Military
- 9.2.3. General Industrial Machinery
- 9.2.4. Medical
- 9.2.5. Other End-user Types
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 10. Competitive Analysis
- 10.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2025
- 10.2. Company Profiles
- 10.2.1 Zollern GmbH and Co KG
- 10.2.1.1. Overview
- 10.2.1.2. Products
- 10.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.2 Signicast
- 10.2.2.1. Overview
- 10.2.2.2. Products
- 10.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.3 Taizhou Xinyu Precision Manufacture Co Ltd*List Not Exhaustive
- 10.2.3.1. Overview
- 10.2.3.2. Products
- 10.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.4 Georg Fischer Ltd
- 10.2.4.1. Overview
- 10.2.4.2. Products
- 10.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.5 Milwaukee Precision Casting Inc
- 10.2.5.1. Overview
- 10.2.5.2. Products
- 10.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.6 Precision Castparts Corp (Berkshire Hathaway)
- 10.2.6.1. Overview
- 10.2.6.2. Products
- 10.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.7 MetalTek International
- 10.2.7.1. Overview
- 10.2.7.2. Products
- 10.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.8 Impro Precision Industries Limited
- 10.2.8.1. Overview
- 10.2.8.2. Products
- 10.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.9 Dongying Giayoung Precision Metal
- 10.2.9.1. Overview
- 10.2.9.2. Products
- 10.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.10 Alcoa Corporation
- 10.2.10.1. Overview
- 10.2.10.2. Products
- 10.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.1 Zollern GmbH and Co KG
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2025 & 2033
- Figure 2: North America Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 3: North America Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 4: North America Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 5: North America Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 6: North America Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 7: North America Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 8: Europe Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 9: Europe Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 10: Europe Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 11: Europe Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 12: Europe Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 13: Europe Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 14: Asia Pacific Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 15: Asia Pacific Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 16: Asia Pacific Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 17: Asia Pacific Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 18: Asia Pacific Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 19: Asia Pacific Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 20: Rest of the World Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 21: Rest of the World Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 22: Rest of the World Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 23: Rest of the World Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 24: Rest of the World Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 25: Rest of the World Investment Casting Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 2: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 3: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 4: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 5: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 6: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 7: United States Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 8: Canada Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 9: Rest of North America Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 10: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 11: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 12: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 13: Germany Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 14: United Kingdom Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 15: France Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 16: Spain Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 17: Rest of Europe Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 18: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 19: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 20: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 21: India Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 22: China Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 23: Japan Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 24: South Korea Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 25: Rest of Asia Pacific Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 26: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 27: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 28: Global Investment Casting Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 29: Brazil Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 30: Argentina Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 31: Mexico Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 32: United Arab Emirates Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 33: Other Countries Investment Casting Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Investment Casting Industry?
The projected CAGR is approximately 4.58%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Investment Casting Industry?
Key companies in the market include Zollern GmbH and Co KG, Signicast, Taizhou Xinyu Precision Manufacture Co Ltd*List Not Exhaustive, Georg Fischer Ltd, Milwaukee Precision Casting Inc, Precision Castparts Corp (Berkshire Hathaway), MetalTek International, Impro Precision Industries Limited, Dongying Giayoung Precision Metal, Alcoa Corporation.
3. What are the main segments of the Investment Casting Industry?
The market segments include Type, End-user Type.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Investments in Refueling Infrastructure Is Driving the Market Growth.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Sodium Silicate Process To Exhibit The Highest Growth Rate.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Inadequate Regulatory Frameworks is Anticipated to Restrain the Market Growth.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
N/A
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Investment Casting Industry," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Investment Casting Industry report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Investment Casting Industry?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Investment Casting Industry, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database
Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)
Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations
Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence