Key Insights
The global flow computer oil and gas market, valued at $678.41 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing demand for enhanced oil recovery techniques and the need for precise measurement and control in oil and gas operations. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.53% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a significant expansion, fueled by factors such as the rising adoption of smart oil fields, stringent environmental regulations necessitating accurate emissions monitoring, and the growing complexity of oil and gas infrastructure. The hardware segment currently dominates the market, however, the software segment is expected to witness faster growth due to rising demand for advanced analytics and automation capabilities. Key players like Honeywell, ABB, and Schneider Electric are leveraging their expertise in automation and control systems to capitalize on these market opportunities. Geographical expansion, particularly in regions with significant oil and gas reserves like the Asia Pacific, will also contribute to market growth. While the market faces challenges such as high initial investment costs for flow computer implementation and the need for skilled personnel, technological advancements in areas like cloud-based data analytics and cybersecurity solutions are mitigating these restraints.
The competitive landscape is characterized by both established players and emerging startups offering innovative solutions. The market's future growth will depend on sustained investments in research and development, the integration of advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for predictive maintenance and optimized production, and the effective management of cybersecurity risks within the increasingly interconnected oil and gas infrastructure. The shift toward digitalization and automation is transforming the market, creating opportunities for companies providing integrated solutions that encompass hardware, software, and data analytics capabilities. As the industry focuses on improving efficiency and reducing environmental impact, the demand for sophisticated flow computer systems is expected to remain strong throughout the forecast period.

Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Market Report: 2019-2033
This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry market, offering invaluable insights for industry professionals, investors, and strategic decision-makers. The study period spans from 2019 to 2033, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period from 2025 to 2033. The report meticulously examines market dynamics, growth trends, regional dominance, product landscapes, and key players, providing a 360° view of this crucial sector. The market size is projected to reach xx Million units by 2033.
Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Market Dynamics & Structure
The Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry is characterized by a moderately concentrated market structure, with key players like Honeywell International Inc, ABB Ltd, and Schneider Electric SE holding significant market share. The market's growth is fueled by technological advancements, including the integration of IoT and AI, and stringent regulatory frameworks focused on enhancing safety and efficiency. Competition arises from both established players and emerging companies offering innovative solutions. The industry witnesses considerable M&A activity, driven by the need for consolidation and expansion into new technologies. The parent market is the Oil & Gas industry, with the child market being the flow measurement and control systems segment.
- Market Concentration: The top 5 players hold an estimated 60% market share in 2025.
- Technological Innovation: Increased adoption of cloud-based solutions and advanced analytics is a major driver.
- Regulatory Landscape: Stringent environmental regulations are pushing adoption of more efficient flow computers.
- M&A Activity: An average of xx M&A deals were recorded annually during the historical period (2019-2024).
- Competitive Substitutes: Alternative flow measurement technologies present a moderate competitive threat.
Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Growth Trends & Insights
The Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry has witnessed consistent growth over the historical period (2019-2024), driven by increasing oil and gas production globally and the need for precise flow measurement and control. The market is projected to experience a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is attributed to several factors, including the rising demand for automation in upstream and downstream operations, increasing adoption of smart technologies in oil and gas fields, and favorable government regulations. Technological advancements such as the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning are further enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of flow computers, bolstering market adoption. Market penetration has risen steadily, with a significant increase in adoption among small and medium-sized oil & gas companies. Shifting consumer behavior towards data-driven decision-making also contributes to this growth.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry
The North American region is currently the dominant market for flow computers in the oil and gas industry, accounting for approximately xx% of the global market share in 2025. This dominance is primarily attributed to robust oil and gas production activities, advanced technological infrastructure, and the presence of major industry players. However, the Asia-Pacific region is poised for significant growth, driven by substantial investments in oil and gas infrastructure and the increasing demand for efficient flow measurement solutions. Within the "By Offering" segment, the Hardware segment currently holds a larger market share than the Software segment, although the software segment is experiencing faster growth.
- North America: Strong oil & gas production, established infrastructure, and presence of major players.
- Asia-Pacific: Rapidly growing oil & gas industry, substantial infrastructure investment, and increasing adoption of advanced technologies.
- Europe: Mature market with steady growth, driven by technological advancements and environmental regulations.
- Hardware Segment: High initial investment costs lead to higher revenue generation.
- Software Segment: Faster growth driven by increasing demand for data analytics and remote monitoring capabilities.
Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Product Landscape
Flow computers are increasingly incorporating advanced features like real-time data analysis, predictive maintenance capabilities, and improved cybersecurity protocols. These advancements enhance operational efficiency, reduce downtime, and optimize production processes. Unique selling propositions include improved accuracy, reduced maintenance costs, and enhanced data integration capabilities. The market is witnessing the development of modular and customizable flow computer solutions to cater to diverse application needs.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry
Key Drivers:
- Increasing demand for automation and digitalization in oil & gas operations.
- Stringent environmental regulations necessitating precise flow measurement and control.
- Growing need for real-time data analysis and predictive maintenance.
Challenges & Restraints:
- High initial investment costs associated with implementing flow computer systems.
- Cybersecurity threats related to data breaches and system vulnerabilities.
- Supply chain disruptions and component shortages impacting production and deployment. This has resulted in a xx% increase in lead times over the last two years.
Emerging Opportunities in Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry
- Growing adoption of IoT and AI in oil & gas operations opens new avenues for data-driven decision-making and predictive maintenance.
- Increased demand for integrated flow measurement and control systems that enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs.
- Expansion into untapped markets in developing economies with burgeoning oil & gas industries.
Growth Accelerators in the Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Industry
The long-term growth of the flow computer market is fueled by several factors, including continuous technological innovation, strategic partnerships between technology providers and oil & gas companies, and the expansion of the oil and gas industry into new frontiers. The integration of advanced analytics and machine learning capabilities is driving a shift towards predictive maintenance and optimization of operational processes.
Key Players Shaping the Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Market
- Honeywell International Inc
- ABB Ltd
- Quorum Business Solutions Inc
- Schneider Electric SE
- OMNI Flow Computers Inc
- Yokogawa Electric Corporation
- Bedrock Automation Platforms Inc (Maxim Integrated Products Inc )
- Flowmetrics Inc
- Dynamic Flow Computers Inc
- Emerson Electric Company
Notable Milestones in Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Sector
- 2021 Q4: Honeywell launches a new generation of flow computers with advanced cybersecurity features.
- 2022 Q2: ABB acquires a smaller flow computer company, expanding its product portfolio.
- 2023 Q1: Schneider Electric releases updated software for its flow computer platform, improving data analytics capabilities. (Further notable milestones could be added here based on available data).
In-Depth Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Market Outlook
The future of the Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry looks promising, with continued growth driven by the increasing demand for automation, data-driven decision-making, and the expansion of the oil and gas sector. Strategic partnerships and technological innovation will play a vital role in shaping the future landscape, with opportunities for companies to develop innovative products and services that cater to the evolving needs of the industry. The market is expected to witness further consolidation, with mergers and acquisitions driving market share concentration among major players.
Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Segmentation
-
1. Offering
- 1.1. Hardware
- 1.2. Software
Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Segmentation By Geography
- 1. North America
- 2. Europe
- 3. Asia Pacific
- 4. Latin America
- 5. Middle East and Africa

Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 6.53% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. ; Growing Need for Reliable Flow and High-tech Computing Systems; Continually Evolving Data Computational Capacity of Flow Computers
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. ; Cyber-Security Threats Deterring Deployment of Advanced Flow Computer Systems; Dynamic Changes in Oil & Gas Prices leading to Reduced Investment in Infrastructure
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Evolving Data Computational Capacity of Flow Computers
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 5.1.1. Hardware
- 5.1.2. Software
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.2.1. North America
- 5.2.2. Europe
- 5.2.3. Asia Pacific
- 5.2.4. Latin America
- 5.2.5. Middle East and Africa
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 6. North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 6.1.1. Hardware
- 6.1.2. Software
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 7. Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 7.1.1. Hardware
- 7.1.2. Software
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 8. Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 8.1.1. Hardware
- 8.1.2. Software
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 9. Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 9.1.1. Hardware
- 9.1.2. Software
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 10. Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 10.1.1. Hardware
- 10.1.2. Software
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 11. North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 11.1.1.
- 12. Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 12.1.1.
- 13. Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 13.1.1.
- 14. Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 14.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 14.1.1.
- 15. Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 15.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 15.1.1.
- 16. Competitive Analysis
- 16.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 16.2. Company Profiles
- 16.2.1 Honeywell International Inc
- 16.2.1.1. Overview
- 16.2.1.2. Products
- 16.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.2 ABB Ltd
- 16.2.2.1. Overview
- 16.2.2.2. Products
- 16.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.3 Quorum Business Solutions Inc
- 16.2.3.1. Overview
- 16.2.3.2. Products
- 16.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.4 Schneider Electric SE
- 16.2.4.1. Overview
- 16.2.4.2. Products
- 16.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.5 OMNI Flow Computers Inc
- 16.2.5.1. Overview
- 16.2.5.2. Products
- 16.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.6 Yokogawa Electric Corporation
- 16.2.6.1. Overview
- 16.2.6.2. Products
- 16.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.7 Bedrock Automation Platforms Inc (Maxim Integrated Products Inc )
- 16.2.7.1. Overview
- 16.2.7.2. Products
- 16.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.8 Flowmetrics Inc *List Not Exhaustive
- 16.2.8.1. Overview
- 16.2.8.2. Products
- 16.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.9 Dynamic Flow Computers Inc
- 16.2.9.1. Overview
- 16.2.9.2. Products
- 16.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.10 Emerson Electric Company
- 16.2.10.1. Overview
- 16.2.10.2. Products
- 16.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.1 Honeywell International Inc
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 24: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 25: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 26: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 27: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 28: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 29: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 30: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 31: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry?
The projected CAGR is approximately 6.53%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry?
Key companies in the market include Honeywell International Inc, ABB Ltd, Quorum Business Solutions Inc, Schneider Electric SE, OMNI Flow Computers Inc, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Bedrock Automation Platforms Inc (Maxim Integrated Products Inc ), Flowmetrics Inc *List Not Exhaustive, Dynamic Flow Computers Inc, Emerson Electric Company.
3. What are the main segments of the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry?
The market segments include Offering.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 678.41 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
; Growing Need for Reliable Flow and High-tech Computing Systems; Continually Evolving Data Computational Capacity of Flow Computers.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Evolving Data Computational Capacity of Flow Computers.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
; Cyber-Security Threats Deterring Deployment of Advanced Flow Computer Systems; Dynamic Changes in Oil & Gas Prices leading to Reduced Investment in Infrastructure.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
N/A
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence